In the first of a two-part blog as part of Neurodiversity Celebration Week, we feature Sergeant Andy Sampson-Munday, NPAA Coordinator for Norfolk Constabulary and a member of the ADHD Alliance. Andy is autistic and ADHD, and has three neurodivergent children.

When did you join Norfolk Constabulary?
I joined in 2005 when I was 25 years old. I didn’t know what I wanted to do but policing offered a structure and a definite career path. My dad was in the RAF and I went to boarding school when I was seven years old, so I was used to the structure and a pecking order. I’m not always sure how well-rounded that makes you!

I had been somewhere like the Norfolk Show with my brother and tried on the body armour. I thought ‘this could work’.

What did you do before you joined the police?
I read classic archaeology and ancient history at Edinburgh University from 1997 to 2003.

I had various jobs at Norwich City Council. I lacked a sense of direction – even though I was in my 20s I felt quite naïve. That soon changed when my first posting in the police was to Thetford.

How did you first know you were neurodivergent?
At school I used to get called a ‘boffin’ – I was bright but had no social graces. I remember when I became an officer, I stopped a group of youths on the Abbey Estate and they shouted over, “Put your pocket book away RoboCop!” ‘Rain Man’ and ‘robot’ have also been used to describe me by colleagues.

At training school, I achieved the joint highest marks in class and was recommended for the High Potential Development Scheme. I was supposed to do 10 weeks after tutorship at Dereham, but we were so short-staffed that I only did two weeks.

Do you think your colleagues treated you differently?
I think they thought I was a bit odd, from conversations I overheard. I was hauled up by the sergeant for always chipping in, which he thought was arrogance but was just direct communication to me if I felt something was wrong.

I went for the sergeant’s exam, did no revision, but passed. My memory is really good for facts, it’s sort of photographic (eidetic).

At one point I went from being on a team of four PCs, then it was supersized to supervising 18 of them. I had no training. I remember I used to work with another sergeant and my briefings were always really dry compared to his – one of my ND characteristics tends to be I am quite straight and factual in how I communicate.

I remember at least two scrapes with senior management – I was just very upfront, I didn’t really do nuance. I also failed the second role-play based part of the sergeant’s exam twice – after always doing well academically, I struggled with the ‘assessment culture’.

The day-to-day job wasn’t so much of an issue, but ‘jumping through hoops’ socially was more of an issue. I was very rules-orientated.

What have been the challenges and what are the advantages of being neurodivergent?
Before I knew I was autistic or ADHD, I struggled. I had a child going through the process of diagnosis, and things began to click – this was me! Due to various factors, undiagnosed ASD/ADHD among them, I started to implode due to all the pressures. This led to self-harm and me becoming suicidal and eventually checking in to a private facility for 28 days.

I was struggling for a while and my wife suggested that I probably needed ADHD medication, so it was worth pursuing a formal diagnosis. My autism/ADHD have often competed for dominance. My ADHD tends to take precedence now. Lots of masking, this is trying to put a calm face on things and hiding how you are really feeling which takes energy. Now I try to mask my autism less, which in turn lets the ADHD go wild. I can be forgetful and struggle with repetitive and unnecessary paperwork.

Now I know what this is, I feel I have a lot to offer, I went through therapy, and now want to sing it from the rooftops that we can bring something different to the table than the average neurotypical.

I have very fast processing skills. I’m able to absorb information quickly and make quick, well-evidenced decisions. I also have an eye for detail and spotting things others miss, for example noticed an error in the methodology for the emergency services network that had been missed by the Home Office analysts, that had very real risks.

Other benefits include my ability to hyperfocus, not being afraid to take a stand and speak up against unfairness, and ability to think outside the box and challenge the status quo.

Challenges include understanding that repetitive boring tasks will be missed sometimes – I don’t do it deliberately! I would struggle with being micro-managed.

In terms of giving advice to someone managing a neurodivergent person, I would say check their understanding of any instruction – try and use more than one medium to communicate, e.g. verbal and email. One of my previous line managers was amazing – he understood my neuro-spiciness. He gave me fairly wide autonomy but our weekly check-ins always felt more about ‘me’ and were the right level of managerial oversight. ∎

This blog was originally published on the Norfolk Constabulary Intranet – it is reproduced here with kind permission of the author

by Emma Skeen
Detective Sergeant | Metropolitan Police Service

I am autistic.

I am a DS and have been a police officer for 23 years.

I wonder what you think when you hear this?

Please take some time to challenge your beliefs and to understand your own thinking, including possible unconscious/ conscious bias about autism. Do we ever know enough? I would suggest not.

I am autistic and am learning about autism all the time.

It’s complicated.

Did you know: we are ALL DIFFERENT.

If I generalise below, please be aware of this.

I have imaginative and different ways of solving problems and thinking.

I love solutions.

I love detail, facts and to learn.

I have special interests – reserved for people I trust.

I can remember conversations word for word.

I can remember all sort of facts and information.

I love routine, as this helps with predictability.

Learning something new for the first time is stressful, but once learn I will do it properly, correctly and to the rule of law.

I have an autistic love of language, which is likely to be very different to yours.

I struggle with others making assumptions about autism, being biased and talking for me.

[Generalisation alert!] Autistic people have their own language and we can often speak to each other without words, in our own way.

Being autistic can effect our sense of space in the universe. I bump into things often.

Autism can co-exist with other conditions which makes us even more wonderful. I also have ADHD and dyslexia.

Some of us may have alexithymia – I do. The signals in my brain don’t tell me I’m hungry or thirsty, and I suddenly feel sick.

I hear and feel minute noises all the time – meaning I hear the birds far away singing, and I do not filter out unnecessary noises, including your conversations. I need less bright light to see well. I am sensitive to smells. I don’t like being touched as this is reserved for people I trust. Eye contact is painful. Your hand gestures and facial expressions cause me confusion. These things cause me to become overwhelmed as my sensory system is overwhelmed. I get burnout. Please help if you see an autistic person struggling.

Telling me ‘we should be able to discuss these things’ or to ‘read between the lines’ is meaningless as there is no context, explanation or detail. I think in moving and still images.

I love my own space.

I love animals – they are less complicated than humans, which suits me just fine. I am highly empathetic. This means I need to take time out after helping others so I can decompress and look after myself. For 23 years in the police service I had no idea I needed this. I am so determined.

I was asked recently why I struggle to work in a bright huge open plan office (when people are talking loudly about non-work related topics near me), but I could go on a noisy crowded plane on holiday to Disneyland in Florida for two weeks.

I’ve been told my way of working is wrong, that I don’t have insight or can’t forsee things. This is NOT true. I may be slow to respond as I need time to process. Please check my understanding and don’t point hands or get too close. I’m trying to process.

A plea to all line managers supporting autistic colleagues: The Equality Act 2010 is LAW whereas our policies at work are just policies. Please understand and make use of adjusted duties and disability passports, and allow their voices to be heard.

I use earplugs, headphones and wear sunglasses. I struggle when I am interrupted whilst working.

Please encourage your colleagues to take breaks in a quiet dimly lit safe space to recharge.

The ‘double empathy problem‘: please can I ask you to consider meaningful two way communication with me as an autistic person. Being autistic is who I am. Being autistic is my personality. I shouldn’t have to make all the concessions when communicating with you, or explain myself to you all the time – we both should. It’s too much for me. Please don’t judge my reactions, lack of facial expressions, the sound of my voice or assume you know what I am trying to say when random unclear words pop out of my mouth when I’m getting flustered by our interaction. Please can we discuss it? Please can you give me time to respond? Please challenge yourself if you find you experience negative/bias with me or any autistic person. If you have not heard of the double empathy concept, I implore you to learn more.

I have decided to no longer ‘mask’, and instead embrace being autistic. I love being with other autistic people. I would really like to work well with you too. I have hope that each of you in the MPS can hear me. I wish you well. ∎

This blog was originally published on the Metropolitan Police Service Intranet – it is reproduced here with kind permission of the author

Neurodivergent creative thinking and superpowers

Police Superintendents’ Association Disability Lead Superintendent Paul Burrows shares his latest blog as part of Disability History Month 2024

In this blog I will return to some of the themes I have touched upon in my previous writings. First, however, I will pose a question:

How many uses can you think of for a yellow lead pencil? You have two minutes…

I recently read that some autistics have been challenged by other autistics because they have expressed the view that they would rather not be autistic. The view for some is that autism, along with other neurodivergent conditions, is and should be seen as a ‘superpower’, and it is wrong to wish it away.

I have however, found myself thinking that I would rather not be autistic. Yes, I have skills that the ‘condition’ brings me. Yet, on a check and balance sheet I feel the checks outweigh the balances. This is a very personal view, but I do I feel it worthy to air as a discussion.

There are clearly professional benefits arising from who I am. These benefits are not, however, absolute – particularly when there is a lack of understanding or adjustment around who I am and how I prefer to work. Nowhere near enough is made of my skills. This, I know, is a common frustration held by those with neurodivergent conditions across many workplaces.

On the flip side, the personal benefits are, for me at least, almost totally lacking. I have wracked my brain and asked myself, ‘Is there any personal benefit from being neurodivergent?’ The only one I can think of is being asked to stand as captain of the sports club I’m a member of, because I am seen to be fair and would approach the role without bias (typical autistic traits). I’m not sure that’s a benefit to me though!

In my previous blogs, I have outlined the benefits I, and people like me, can bring to the service I work for. I will therefore focus on some of the down sides of being who I am. You can decide whether it’s a superpower that I possess.

First and foremost, I have a complete inability to sleep well. Four hours a night is good. I wake in the middle of the night and simply can’t sleep again, so I live life in a state of perpetual exhaustion. I am aware of adults who have received a diagnosis of autism having gone to their GP with an inability to sleep. This is not abnormal. I dislike spontaneity, I need to know what I am doing and any break to routine can be quite stressful. I love watching rugby but find the press of people in a stadium too much to bear, so I don’t go. I struggle to have friends or build relationships. I live life in a state of perpetual introspection – have I upset someone by how I have said something? And, finally, I spend all day masking or acting, pretending I am someone who I am not; simply to fit in with social norms. I am not claiming to be unique, but simply providing an insight into my existence.

I was recently made aware of an article^† on evolutionary psychology, which I think addresses the question at the heart of what I am seeking to say:

Evolutionary Psychiatry
by Adam D. Hunt

“Our evolutionary history is often ignored when thinking about mental health. We forget that the world humans lived in for millions of years – which our brains and minds are designed for – was very different to today. We assume a mental health diagnosis means ‘something has gone wrong’ in the person. But what if that person’s difficulties are more related to changes in the world, and modern expectations for how minds should work? We expect people to sit still in classrooms, read with ease… but classrooms and writing are very new inventions. Nobody ‘should’ be able to sit still in classrooms or read with ease, evolutionarily speaking. The fact that some can and some can’t is a matter of happenstance, but doesn’t reflect true biological breakage. It may be better understood at what is called ‘evolutionary mismatch’ – our bodies and brains aren’t designed for this world, and sometimes we medicalise the problems which result.

“Evolutionary psychiatry is a scientific discipline reframing mental health conditions by trying to explain them in relation to our evolutionary history. When it comes to neurodiversity, there are big questions which previous biomedical approaches haven’t managed to solve – why are these cognitive differences so common in the population, last so long, and appear so early in life? They are somewhat genetically caused, and the genes which make people autistic, or ADHD, or dyslexic, are clearly common in the population, and affect us for all our lives. This isn’t what we expect from disease, which often appears later in life, or is rare, or not inherited. Evolution could have caused everyone to be neurotypical, if that is what is optimal. But it hasn’t. Why?

“One of the key evolutionary explanations for explaining neurodiversity is actually the same process which should explain ‘normal’ personality traits – we differ in extraversion, and we differ in autistic traits, and the same evolutionary dynamics should explain why those differences persist. There is a reason why we aren’t all extremely extraverted or extremely introverted, or all extremely autistic or non-autistic – there is a reason our minds work differently from one another. The core dynamic revolves around cognitive strengths and weaknesses, and how they fit into our social groups. Our ancestors lived in close bands and tribes, hunting and gathering food every day as a collective. Within social groups, individual differences can evolve, as a sort of division-of-labour, or what is termed ‘social niche specialisation’ in evolutionary biology. Within our hunter-gatherer ancestral groups, for millions of years, assuming similar rates of autism, ADHD, dyslexia, and all sorts of neurodivergent traits, there would always be at least one autistic person per extended tribe (of about 150 individuals) and one person with broad autistic traits (the ‘broad autism phenotype’), one person with ADHD and one with dyslexia per band of individuals who sleep and hunt together on a daily basis (of about 25 individuals). The same goes for most neurodivergent traits. Although we can’t know for sure how they fitted into those societies, all of the genetic and biological evidence implies that those individuals were there, and weren’t any worse off in evolutionary terms than neurotypical people. The basic inference should be that their strengths were balanced with their weaknesses, and that they found a way to fit in in those societies.

“It’s widely recognized, both by science and people familiar with neurodivergent people on a personal basis, that despite experiencing problems which others don’t due to their cognitive style, they also show strengths that others don’t. In the realm of sport this could manifest as unusual obsessiveness, attention to detail, and dedication. The same tendencies can lead to exemplary ability in all sorts of other realms of life, too. And they come with costs. But those costs, at least evolutionarily speaking, were probably justified by the benefits – that’s why these traits persist in the human population in so many people, that’s why we have never found biomedical evidence of ‘pathology’ causing them, and that’s why if we were to shift our expectations and our environments to better incorporate neurodivergent people, supporting them through their weaknesses and harnessing their strengths, we would actually be tapping into an evolutionarily-ancient well of human potential, overlooked for too long by contemporary mainstream psychiatry.”

I think that says it quite nicely.

So, returning to my start point, how many uses are there for a yellow lead pencil?

When I did this exercise, I thought of 86 and was still going strong as the two minutes ended.

What I considered was whether the whole pencil was made of lead, whether it was the graphite or the pencil ‘outer’ that was yellow, and how big/long it was – it could have been the size of an ocean-going liner. By de-limiting one’s thinking and pushing to one side (or at least identifying) one’s presumptions, the opportunities are endless.

Is this a ‘normal’ way of thinking or a superpower? Is thinking of 86 uses for a yellow lead pencil actually a superpower? The creativity that goes with it probably is, but only if the society within which I live values this and seeks to make the most of my different way of thinking. This is Adam D. Hunt’s ‘evolutionarily-ancient well of human potential.’

My conclusion is that my superpower is cloaked by society. Whilst I would love to see it as a positive, it is exhausting trying to do this in the face of the barriers. The cost, for me, outweighs the benefits. I will continue to flinch at the use of this descriptor, as the depths of what sits behind it are largely not understood.

I frequently reference the Garfield cartoon where Garfield and Oddie climb a tree. Garfield tells Oddie that “Dogs can’t climb trees”. So, Oddie fell out of it. It’s amazing what you can achieve when you don’t know you can’t. In my experience, many neurodivergent people know they can climb trees they shouldn’t be able to. Their (and my) frustration is not being asked how we did it. ∎

This blog was originally published on the PSA website – it is reproduced here with kind permission of the author

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† Link to Adam’s article: Specialised minds: extending adaptive explanations of personality to the evolution of psychopathology